Montanus claimed that the Spirit spoke through him. Here, a mosaic dove symbolizes the Holy Spirit.

This rigorous, ecstatic, pentecostal movement looked for the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the end times to come quickly. It developed a stern asceticism and castigated existing church life as lax. At least two women, Prisca and Maximilla, were among its prophets. Tertullian was for a time an adherent. The movement was eventually condemned by several synods and the bishop of Rome. Similar impulses have continued to appear throughout the Christian churches in various forms up to the present.