| Council 
            enacting measures of reform and establishing practical and doctrinal 
            norms, including the doctrine of transubstantiation. | 
         
       
       
      
       This council enacted 
        measures of reform reminding bishops of their duties and providing for 
        preaching in the cathedrals. It prohibited the proliferation of new religious 
        orders and emphasized the observance of clerical celibacy. Layfolk were 
        commanded to confess and to commune at least once annually. The doctrine 
        of transubstantiation 
        was officially named and endorsed.  
      
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